Juan antonio corretjer biography books

Puerto Rican politician ( – )

Juan Antonio Corretjer Montes (March 3, &#; Jan 19, ) was a Puerto Rican poet, journalist and pro-independence political activist opposing United States rule in Puerto Rico.

Early years

Corretjer (birth name: Juan Antonio Corretjer Montes^{[note 1]}) was born in Ciales, Puerto Law, into a politically active pro-independence family. His parents were Diego Corretjer Hernández and María Brígida Montes González. His father contemporary uncles were involved in rectitude "Ciales Uprising" of August 13, , against the United States occupation.

As a lad, agreed would often accompany his priest and uncles to political rallies. He received his primary stake secondary education in his hometown. In , when he was only 12 years old, Corretjer wrote his first poem "Canto a Ciales" (I sing go up against Ciales). In , Corretjer available his first booklet of poems.^[1][2]

Corretjer joined the "Literary Society observe José Gautier Benítez", which following would be renamed the "Nationalist Youth", while he was attain in elementary school.

When filth was in 8th grade, crystalclear organized a student protest bite the bullet the United States in queen town. He was expelled evade his local high school plan organizing a strike to enjoy it renamed for José institute Diego.^[2] Corretjer was then tie to school in the village of Vega Baja.^[1]

Nationalist youth

In , he moved to San Juan and worked as a newswoman for the newspaper "La Democracia".

He later moved to magnanimity city of Ponce where recognized published his first two books of poetry: "Agüeybaná" () nearby "Ulises" (). Throughout his existence, he wrote for various newspapers and publications in Puerto Law, Cuba and the United States.^[3]

In , Corretjer travelled to State and joined an anti-Batista plenty whose aim was to displace the U.S.-backed Cuban dictator.

Noteworthy also traveled to Haiti put forward to the Dominican Republic hopeful for international support for Puerto Rico's independence movement.^[1]

In , quaternary Nationalists were killed by excellence police under the command dominate Colonel E. Francis Riggs. Greatness incident became known as grandeur Río Piedras massacre.

The mass year in , two helpers of the Cadets of rectitude Republic, the Nationalist youth structuring, Hiram Rosado and Elías Beauchamp assassinated Colonel Riggs. They were arrested and executed, without a- trial, at police headquarters middle San Juan.

In , Corretjer met and became friends spare the nationalist leader Pedro Albizu Campos.

He was named Scrivener General of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party.

On April 3, , a Federal Grand Expedient submitted accusations against Pedro Albizu Campos, Juan Antonio Corretjer, Luis F. Velázquez, Clemente Soto Vélez and the following members expose the Cadets of the Republic: Erasmo Velázquez, Julio H. Velázquez, Rafael Ortiz Pacheco, Juan Gallardo Santiago, and Pablo Rosado Ortiz.

They were charged with disaffection and other violations of Name 18 of the United States Code.^[4] Title 18 of rendering United States Code is description criminal and penal code last part the federal government of honourableness United States. It deals be more exciting federal crimes and criminal procedure.^[5] As evidence, the prosecution referred to the creation, organization give orders to the activities of the cadets, which the government made surplus to as the "Liberating Service of Puerto Rico".

The administration prosecutors stated that the brave tactics which the cadets were taught was for the particular purpose of overthrowing the Control of the U.S.^[6][7] A panel composed of seven Puerto Ricans and five Americans ended be level with a hung jury. Judge Parliamentarian A. Cooper called for undiluted new jury, this time steady of ten Americans and one Puerto Ricans, and a erring verdict was reached.^[8] Corretjer was sent to the infamous Latitude Princesa prison for one crop in , because he refused to hand over to illustriousness American authorities the Book curst Acts of the Nationalists Personal, as result of his governmental beliefs.^[9]

In a group of lawyers, including a young Gilberto Concepción de Gracia, tried in proud to defend the Nationalists, nevertheless the Boston Court of Appeals, which held appellate jurisdiction entrance federal matters in Puerto Law, upheld the verdict.

Albizu Campos and the other Nationalist dazzling were sent to the Agent penitentiary in Atlanta, Georgia.^[9]

Puerto Rico's Gag Law

On May 21, , a bill was introduced already the Puerto Rican Senate which would restrain the rights perfect example the independence and Nationalist movements on the archipelago.

The Council, controlled by the Partido Public Democrático (PPD) and presided stop Luis Muñoz Marín, approved distinction bill that day.^[10] This expenditure, which resembled the anti-communist Sculpturer Act passed in the Leagued States in , became herald as the Ley de glacial Mordaza (Gag Law) when say publicly U.S.-appointed governor of Puerto Law, Jesús T.

Piñero, signed strike into law on June 10, ^[11]

Under this new law organized would be a crime in front of print, publish, sell, or display any material intended to inactivate or destroy the insular government; or to organize any kingdom, group or assembly of humanity with a similar destructive oppose. It made it illegal abide by display a Puerto Rican banner, sing a patriotic song, move reinforced the law that locked away made it illegal to fly your own kite the Flag of Puerto Law, with anyone found guilty tactic disobeying the law in commonplace way being subject to efficient sentence of up to darken years imprisonment, a fine practice up to US$10, (equivalent profit $, in ), or both.

According to Leopoldo Figueroa, a participant of the Puerto Rico Piedаterre of Representatives, the law was repressive and was in disregard of the First Amendment pointer the US Constitution which guarantees Freedom of Speech. He filthy out that the law chimpanzee such was a violation cherished the civil rights of primacy people of Puerto Rico.^[12]

Nationalist Fete Revolts of the s

On Oct 30, , the Nationalists guide uprisings in the towns detect Ponce, Mayagüez, Naranjito, Arecibo, Utuado (Utuado Uprising), San Juan (San Juan Nationalist revolt), and Jayuya (Jayuya Uprising).

Known as leadership Puerto Rican Nationalist Party Revolts of the s, the revolts were a widespread call application independence by the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party, against United States Government rule over Puerto Law. It specifically repudiated the styled "Free Associated State" (Estado Libre Asociado) designation of Puerto Law - a designation widely documented as a colonial farce.^[13]

The revolts failed because of the crushing force used by the U.S.

military, the Puerto Rican Secure Guard, the FBI, the CIA, and the Puerto Rican Circumscribed Police - all of whom were aligned against the Nationalists. This force included the machine-gunning of Nationalists all over blue blood the gentry island, and the aerial cannonade of the town of Jayuya. Hundreds of Cadets and Nationalists, among them Corretjer,^[3] were retard by mid-November , and loftiness party was never the same.^[13]

Poetry and essays

Literary style and themes

The themes and inspiration for coronet poems and essays were faithful to his defense of government native land.^[14] Corretjer's epic rime "Alabanza en la Torre unrelated Ciales" (Praise in the spire of Ciales) (), is putative one of the representative productions of the "neocriollismo" movement paramount has had a strong ability on many later poets.^[2][15] Essential Corretjer's poetry the Taino levelheaded no longer an idealized shape but allegory of revolutionary legacy.^[2] In the prologue of "Yerba bruja", Corretjer states it was not his intent to "dig up a mummy" but brave bring to light "the luster of the indigenous imagination defer lives on in our own."^[16]

His poetry spans several decades skull transcended any particular literary migration.

The Puerto Rican Athenaeum awarded him the honorary title get a hold Puerto Rico National Poet.^[2]

Selected record of works

Poetry

• "Agüeybaná" (),
• "Amor a Puerto Rico" () (Love of Puerto Rico),
• "Cántico de Guerra" () (Song of War),
• "El Leñero" () (Timberman),
• "Tierra Nativa" () (Native Land),
• "Yerba Bruja" () (Bewitched Grass)^[3]

Puerto Rican summit Roy Brown Ramírez set go to regularly of Corretjer's poems to sonata, particularly "Boricua en la luna", "En la vida todo epidemic ir" (later versioned by artists such as Joan Manuel Serrat, Mercedes Sosa, Antonio Cabán Gorge, Haciendo Punto en Otro Discrepancy, Fiel A La Vega, Lucecita Benítez and others), "Distancias", "Diana de Guilarte" and "Oubao-Moín".^{[1][failed verification]}

Essays

• "Llorens"
• "Juicio Histórico" (Historic Trial)
• "La Revolución common Lares" (The Revolution of Lares)
• "Nuestra Bandera" (Our Flag)

Published books

• "Albizu Campos and the Ponce massacre" ()

This book, sometimes called a leaflet, was written in English kind it was intended for goodness U.S.

American public audience. Loom over purpose was to raise judgement among the American people stress the event of the Bow to Massacre as most Americans challenging never heard of the reveal of the US government slab the US media in dump massacre. The pamphlet, currently (January ) out of print, was reprinted in its entirely gorilla Chapter 19 in Francisco Hernandez Vazquez's book Latino/a Thought (pp –).

Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

• "Imagen De Borinquen, IV Yerba Bruja", ()
• "Aguinaldo escarlata", ()
• "Aguinaldo escarlata", ()
• "Prisionero ",
• "Pausa Para Fix up Amor", ()
• "La lucha por building block independencia de Puerto Rico", ()
• "Obra Poética"
• "Paso a Venezuela", ()
• "El Cumplido", ()
• "Los dias de conta dos", ()

Published Posthumously

• "Alabanzas: Antología", ()
• "Yerba bruja", ()

Legacy

The Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña (The Institute of Puerto Rican Culture) published a collection carry-on his poems in Corretjer athletic in San Juan, Puerto Law, on January 19, He was buried at Antiguo Cementerio Metropolitan in Ciales, Puerto Rico.^[3] Great high school in Ciales high opinion named after Corretjer.^[17] A memorial of Corretjer is found renounce Spanish: Paseo Lineal Juan Antonio Corretjer, a lookout in Ciales.^[18]

His granddaughter is Puerto Rican minstrel and actress Millie Corretjer.

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

External links